Photo above by Stephen Edgerton / ©Parks Canada / Elk Island National Park
Big things are stirring in Elk Island National Park as the summer days get shorter- deep bellows echo across the plains, signaling the start of the bison rut (mating season), continuing through September.
During this time, the park will come alive with the deep bellows of bulls. Mature males are more alert, more aggressive, and far more likely to choose “fight” over “flight” as they compete with each other for the attention of females. Watch and listen for bison wallowing, charging, bellowing, snorting and head shaking! Females are very selective during this time and will often choose the most dominant bulls who prove their strength.
Injuries among bulls are natural, but if you see a bison with severe injuries report it to a staff member or to Parks Canada Dispatch at 1-877-852-3100.
Photo Credits: David Bruinsma / ⓒ Parks Canada / Elk Island National Park
Tips for Safe Viewing During the Bison Rut
If you want to safely observe this incredible opportunity, the best times to come are mornings (before 11 am) and evenings. Weekdays are also ideal, as the park tends to be less busy.
- Give bison EVEN MORE space. Normally, 100m is the minimum distance. During rut season?
Double it. Triple it. If you’re on foot, give them as much space as possible. - Stay in your vehicle when on or near roads that have bison in the area (so basically everywhere).
- Slow down when passing them on roadsides.
- Passing bison on a bike is a no-go. If you must pass, use a vehicle as a shield – or better yet, hop in and hitch a ride.
- Keep pets on leash and under physical control.
Fun Fact: Bison can run up to 55 km/h!
Why the Rut Happens in Late Summer
The rut happens in the late summer primarily due to a combination of optimal environmental conditions and hormonal changes. Specifically, the change in daylight hours triggers the release of testosterone in bulls. This late-summer timing of the rut means that calves are born in springtime (bison gestation period is very similar to humans at around nine months), which increases their chances of survival because the weather is mild and fresh grass is plentiful for their lactating mothers.
Cultural Significance of the Bison Rut
For the Indigenous peoples, the bison have provided physical, spiritual and emotional needs. The bison rut is important as it signifies survival, resilience, strength and a connection to the land. Many Indigenous cultures continue to hold close relationships with their relatives—the bison. This includes spirituality, food sovereignty, and social-economic development.
Always practice wildlife safety. Be bison wise. For more information, visit: https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/ab/elkisland/securite-safety/bison
Whether you’re a first-time visitor or a seasoned wildlife watcher, witnessing the bison rut is an unforgettable experience. Come prepared, stay safe, and enjoy one of nature’s most powerful displays right here at Elk Island National Park.
